金矿化地质地球化学特征

作者发现金矿（化）点２０余处，包括４个类型：（１）受花岗岩中相关剪切带控制的黄铁绢英岩金矿；（２）多金属硫化物石英型脉型金银矿；（３）陆相含炭岩系沉积改造层控金矿；（４）陆相砾岩金矿。（１）、（３）两种类型金矿具工业规模。黄铁绢英岩金矿主要赋存在以胶东群为交代基体的重熔花岗岩或交代花岗岩的构造蚀变带中心。这类构造蚀变带是遭受长期构造应力作用并叠加后期构造破裂经热液蚀变形成的。成矿热液为中温碱性溶液，金多呈金氯络合物形式被活化搬运。该类型金矿与强绢英岩化蚀变关系密切，在韧性剪切带基础上发育的蚀变糜棱岩化花岗岩带上等间距成群出现。陆相含炭岩系沉积改造层控金矿，为缓倾斜层状、似层状、透镜状矿体，受下白垩统莱阳群一段上、下含炭岩系控制。金矿在上、下含炭岩系中多层出现。此类矿床为晚元古代胶北地体隆起为陆，风化剥蚀产物沉积在中生代断陷盆地陆相湖泊基底堆积物中，由于盆地底部丰富的有机质及粘土对古风化产物中分解的自然金的富集作用形成了富金矿源层，ＡＵ：１４－８００ｐｐｂ。在燕山晚期强烈构造变动影响下，成矿热液活动，有机炭在矿床改造过程中进一步富金作用，形成工业矿床。这是一新类型金矿。     

防火涂料炭质层形成及阻燃机理的研究

在高温或火焰下,涂层中的各主要组分均参与了炭化层的形成.本文借助傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、核磁共振(NMR)和热失重分析(TGA)等分析手段对炭质层的形成过程进行了表征,并探讨了相应的阻燃机理.实验结果表明涂层在膨胀成炭过程中通过气相和凝聚相阻燃机理实现了对基材的保护作用.     

球红假单胞菌对活性炭的降解转化

以活性炭作为含碳金矿中碳质物的替代物,研究了球红假单胞菌对其的降解转化及吸金能力的影响.通过正交试验确定了球红假单胞菌降解活性炭的最优工艺组合:粒度74μm、炭浆质量分数5%、降解时间14 d、菌液用量1 m L/100 m L,此时活性炭的降解率高达28.35%.金吸附性试验表明,球红假单胞菌可使活性炭的吸金能力降低11.46%.球红假单胞菌使活性炭的微晶结构发生变化;一些芳环结构被破坏;含氧基团和芳香族结构的数量增多.这说明球红假单胞菌在降低碳质物劫金性方面是一种有效微生物.     

炭质泥岩抗剪强度的饱水软化特性及工程应用研究

采用试样浸泡饱和法和室内快剪试验,对炭质泥岩浸泡饱水后的抗剪强度变化规律进行了试验研究。结果表明,炭质泥岩的抗剪强度随饱水浸泡时间的增加而显著降低,内聚力和内摩擦角均表现出较明显的负指数变化规律。以贵州某高填方边坡为例,阐述了炭质泥岩抗剪强度的饱水软化特性对工程的危害。     

Dating recent lake sediments using spheroidal carbonaceous particle （SCP）

Dating lake sediment using sedimentary event is the supplement and calibration to traditional dating by radionuclide such as ^210Pb and ^137Cs. Based on the change of spheroidal carbonaceous particle (SCP) concentration, the age sequence of lake sediments can be deduced. It is one of the dating methods using sedimentary event. SCP is formed from combustion of fossil fuel at high temperature up to1750℃ and at a rate of heating of approaching 104℃/s. It can be dispersed to several hundred kilometers away from its source and deposited with precipitation or dryly deposited, and kept in sediments. Compared with Cs or Pb, there is no evidence for SCP that it decays in lake sediments and is unremovable once stored except by physical disturbance because it is mainly composed of element carbon. Handy method to extract, identify and calculate has been developed. Although fossil fuel has been used early in China, combustion at high temperature started later since emergence of electricity generation. The productivity of SCP is positively related with the generated thermal power, which is reflected as the SCP concentration in lake sediments increases with the increase of generated thermal power. Therefore, reliable sediment markers from the start of the SCP record and the remarkable variation can be used for dating purpose. In China, electricity industry started from the 1950s, and rapid increase of generated power took place since 1978. Based on these time markers, SCP time sequences of lake sediment cores LH and LL-4 from Longgan Lake, the middle reach of the Yangtze River, have been established, which is comparable with the results from ^137Cs and ^210pb, and has eliminated the errors of dating using ^137Cs and ^210pb.     

碳质石煤与生物质混合焙烧过程的热分析研究

以湖北襄樊的碳质石煤为原料，通过热力学理论分析和热分析实验对石煤与生物质混合共焙烧过程进行研究。结果发现：混合焙烧过程中，各种物质反应的先后顺序为有机质的氧化反应→黄铁矿的氧化反应→钒的氧化反应；生物质的加入为打破石煤中的云母晶格提供了大量的热量，使石煤中的还原性物质反应温度降低且反应时间缩短，对石煤的脱碳与焙烧起相应的促进作用。     

非饱和绢云母片岩残积土动力特性试验分析

以广泛分布于大临铁路沿线的绢云母片岩残积土为研究对象,开展非饱和状态下绢云母片岩残积土的共振柱试验,研究了动剪应变γ_d在小应变范围内(10~(-6)γ_d10~(-4))不同含水率、干密度及固结围压对动剪切模量G_d与阻尼比D的影响。试验结果表明,含水率对动剪切模量与阻尼比的影响较大,对干密度及固结围压的影响较小。G_d及D随含水率的增加而非线性增大,存在某一临界含水率使G_d达到最大值,此后G_d随含水率的增加而逐渐衰减;在高围压、高含水率状态下D-γ_d关系曲线有重合趋势。同一动剪应变幅值下,干密度增大G_d随之增大、D随之减小。不同固结围压下G_d随动剪应变γ_d的不断增大呈衰减趋势,固结围压对D的影响不明显,但γ_d相同时D随固结围压的增大有减小的趋势。     

炭质页岩力学特性各向异性及其破坏机制研究

以贵州松桃李家湾锰矿矿体顶板炭质页岩为研究对象,开展页理面与加载方向不同夹角条件下纵波波速、单轴压缩及电镜扫描等试验,并以最大值与最小值的比值定义各参量的各向异性系数.结果表明:①纵波波速随入射方向与页理面夹角α增大而减小,其各向异性系数R_v为1.44;弹性模量随加载方向与页理面夹角β增大而减小,其各向异性系数R_E为1.14;单轴抗压强度σ_(ucs)呈现出两头大中间小的"U"型特征,最小值在β为37°时取得,其各向异性系数R_σ为3.01.②不同β条件下,单轴压缩应力-应变曲线有起始压密和弹性压缩阶段,都具有明显的应变软化特征.③单轴压缩下,炭质页岩在β=0°时主要为拉破坏,页理面抗拉强度和基质体弯折拉断强度协同控制其力学特性;在β=32°时主要为沿页理面剪破坏,页理面抗剪强度控制其力学特性;在β=66°时主要为沿页理面和切断基质体的剪破坏,页理面和基质体的抗剪强度协同控制其力学特性;在β=90°时主要为拉破坏并含有少量沿页理面剪破坏,页理面抗剪强度和基质体抗拉强度协同控制其力学特性.     

Carbonaceous particles in Muztagh Ata ice core,West Kunlun Mountains,China

Carbonaceous particles concentrations of OC and EC are determined using a two-step gas chroma- tography system in Muztagh Ata ice core covering the time period of 1955--2000. Over the period represented by the core, OC and EC concentrations appear to have changed significantly, varied in the range of 17.7--216.7 and 6.5--124.6, and averaged 61.8, 32.9 ng·g^-1, respectively. The average concentration of EC in Muztagh Ata ice core is much lower than that in an Alpine ice core record （100--300 ng·g^-1） during the same period, but it is a factor of 14 in Greenland ice core （2.3 ng·g^-1）, this may induce a strong impact on the snow albedo in the last 46 years in our study area. Observations indicate two periods with obviously high deposition concentrations （1955--1965 and 1974--1989） and two periods with low concentrations （1966--1973 and 1990--1995）, as well as a recent increasing trend. By comparing EC and SO4^2- concentration variations and deciphering OC/EC ratios recorded in the same ice core, we can judge roughly that the carbonaceous particles deposited in Muztagh Ata ice core were attributed to fossil fuel combustion sources.